Implementation:SeleniumHQ Selenium Color

Knowledge Sources	SeleniumHQ_Selenium Selenium Documentation
Domains	WebDriver, Support, CSS
Last Updated	2026-02-12 00:00 GMT

Overview

The Color class provides parsing, conversion, and comparison of CSS color values across multiple formats including RGB, RGBA, hex, HSL, HSLA, percentage-based RGB/RGBA, and named colors.

Description

Color is a utility class that represents an RGBA color value. It includes a powerful fromString() factory method that auto-detects and parses color strings in nine different CSS formats: rgb(), rgba(), percentage-based rgb() and rgba(), 6-digit hex (#rrggbb), 3-digit hex (#rgb), hsl(), hsla(), and named CSS colors (via the Colors enum). The class provides output methods to serialize colors as RGB, RGBA, and hex strings, and can convert to java.awt.Color. It implements equals() and hashCode() based on the RGBA string representation. The class uses a chain-of-responsibility pattern internally with multiple Converter subclasses, each backed by a regex pattern.

Usage

Use Color to parse CSS color values returned by WebElement.getCssValue() and convert them into a consistent format for assertions. It is essential for verifying visual styling in browser tests.

Code Reference

Source Location

• Repository: SeleniumHQ_Selenium
• File: java/src/org/openqa/selenium/support/Color.java

Signature

public class Color {
    public static Color fromString(String value);
    public Color(int red, int green, int blue, double alpha);
    public void setOpacity(double alpha);
    public String asRgb();
    public String asRgba();
    public String asHex();
    public java.awt.Color getColor();
    public String toString();
    public boolean equals(Object other);
    public int hashCode();
}

Import

import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;

I/O Contract

Constructor

Parameter	Type	Description
red	int	Red channel value (0-255)
green	int	Green channel value (0-255)
blue	int	Blue channel value (0-255)
alpha	double	Alpha/opacity value (0.0 to 1.0)

Static Factory

Method	Parameter	Returns	Description
fromString	String value	Color	Parses a CSS color string in any supported format; throws IllegalArgumentException if unrecognized

Supported Input Formats for fromString()

Format	Example	Description
RGB	rgb(255, 0, 0)	Integer RGB values
RGB Percentage	rgb(100%, 0%, 0%)	Percentage-based RGB values
RGBA	rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5)	Integer RGBA with alpha
RGBA Percentage	rgba(100%, 0%, 0%, 0.5)	Percentage-based RGBA with alpha
Hex (6-digit)	#ff0000	Standard hex color
Hex (3-digit)	#f00	Shorthand hex color
HSL	hsl(0, 100%, 50%)	Hue, saturation, lightness
HSLA	hsla(0, 100%, 50%, 0.5)	HSL with alpha
Named	red	CSS named color (case-insensitive, resolved via Colors enum)

Output Methods

Method	Returns	Example Output	Description
asRgb()	String	rgb(255, 0, 0)	RGB format string (no alpha)
asRgba()	String	rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)	RGBA format string with alpha
asHex()	String	#ff0000	6-digit lowercase hex string (no alpha)
getColor()	java.awt.Color	--	AWT Color object with alpha mapped to 0-255 range
toString()	String	Color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)	Debug string representation

Mutator

Method	Parameter	Description
setOpacity	double alpha	Sets the alpha/opacity value (0.0 to 1.0)

Usage Examples

// Parse a color from CSS value
String cssColor = element.getCssValue("background-color");
Color color = Color.fromString(cssColor);

// Parse various formats
Color fromRgb = Color.fromString("rgb(255, 128, 0)");
Color fromHex = Color.fromString("#ff8000");
Color fromHsl = Color.fromString("hsl(30, 100%, 50%)");
Color fromName = Color.fromString("orange");

// Convert to different output formats
String rgb = color.asRgb();     // "rgb(255, 128, 0)"
String rgba = color.asRgba();   // "rgba(255, 128, 0, 1)"
String hex = color.asHex();     // "#ff8000"

// Convert to java.awt.Color
java.awt.Color awtColor = color.getColor();

// Construct directly
Color custom = new Color(100, 200, 50, 0.8);

// Modify opacity
custom.setOpacity(0.5);

// Compare colors (equality is based on RGBA string representation)
Color a = Color.fromString("#ff0000");
Color b = Color.fromString("rgb(255, 0, 0)");
boolean equal = a.equals(b);  // true

// Assert CSS styling in a test
Color bgColor = Color.fromString(element.getCssValue("background-color"));
assertEquals(Colors.RED.getColorValue(), bgColor);

Related Pages

• Implementation:SeleniumHQ_Selenium_Colors - Enum of named CSS color constants, each wrapping a Color instance
• Implementation:SeleniumHQ_Selenium_How - Another support utility in the same package
• Implementation:SeleniumHQ_Selenium_ByIdOrName - Another support utility in the same package